Method of constructing continuous wall by use of piles or pile sheets and apparatus therefor

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to a method of constructing a continuous wall by use of piles or pile sheets, which comprises fixing a construction apparatus on already installed piles or the like thereby to utilize their reaction force, and causing the construction apparatus to migrate on said installed piles or the like, and further connecting said reaction force device to a self-driving pile driver, and an apparatus therefor.

United States Patent Ishihara et al.

[451 Apr. 25, 1972 [72] Inventors: Yasushi Ishihara; Shigeru Watanabe, both of Tokyo, Japan Nippon Concrete Industries Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 22 Filed: July), 1970 211 Appl.No.: 53,430

[73] Assignee:

2,976,693 311961 Showalter et al. ..6l/46.5 3,101,956 8/1963 Muller ..6l/58 X 3,279,195 10/1966 Taylor ..6l/53.5

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 412,823 1934 Great Britain ..61 /58 Primary Examiner-Jacob Shapiro Attorney-Fidelman, Wolefe & Leitner 57 ABSTRACT This invention relates to a method of constructing a continuous wall by use of piles or pile sheets, which comprises fixing a [521 Cl i q construction apparatus on already installed piles or the like [51] [m m Eozd 5/10 7/20 thereby to utilize their reaction force, and causing the con- [58] Field o'i's'a'r'aiiiliiijl11111111517355 58 59 B3- 254 29- sruclion apparatus migrate Said installed the 1 like, and further connecting said reaction force device to a self-driving pile driver, and an apparatus therefor.

[56] Re erences Cited 7 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,954,523 4/1934 Doyle ..61/53.5

PATENTEDAPR 25 I972 3 657, 8 96 SHEET 1 0F 3 FIGJ FIG.2

PATENTEDAPR 25 m2 SHEET 2 BF 3 I I IIII 36FIG.4I

PATENTED APR 2 5 1972 SHEET 3 [1F 3 FIG.5

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In constructing a continuous wall for quay, subway or the like by laying concrete piles or pile sheets in order in a row, there have been heretofore used generally a driving method using a stand type or self-driving type scaffold or a vibrationless and noiseless construction method of jet system or auger system to successively lay new concrete piles or pile sheets. In any case, the reaction force required for the laying operation is obtained by the dead weight of the scaffold itself so that the effective laying force is restricted by the dead weight of the scaffold, and therefore it is difficult to obtain a strong laying force. Further, in order to build the scaffold, a ground leveling operation in the neighborhood which becomes unnecessary after the completion of the construction work therefor is required. As the result, it has drawbacks that the working efficiency is deteriorated and the construction cost is increased because an expensive self-driving scaffold is required.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION The present invention has made an improvement in the aforementioned points. The first characteristic of the present invention resides in that the scaffold is fixed temporarily to the piles or pile sheets forming a part of the already laid wall thereby to obtain the reaction force by utilizing the dead weight of said laid piles or pile sheets and the soil pressure. For example, assumed that the dead weight of a piece of concrete pile is lt, soil pressure resistance caused in pulling out the pile l5! and the friction coefficient 0.3, a reaction force of 91 may be obtained by a piece of concrete pile. This shows a remarkable increase in the laying force as compared with the case where, for example, even by the self-driving scaffold of 301 the effective reaction force of only about is obtained, and thus the working efficiency is greatly improved by the present invention.

The second characteristic of the present invention resides in that the construction apparatus itself is placed on the upper part of piles or the like forming a part of the already laid wall in a movable manner by riding thereon, whereby a ground leveling operation in the front line become unnecessary and the working efficiency is improved that much. As the result, it becomes easy to construct the wall gradually from land toward sea, and, in this case, the construction apparatus of the present invention can be made into a floating type.

The third characteristic of the present invention resides in that guiding rollers concurrently used as pressing rollers are provided at the forward part of the construction apparatus in a freely movable manner by means of oil pressure, whereby guidance of concrete piles or the like to be newly laid to the predetermined position and the migration of the apparatus at the length of a piece of pile for the laying operation of the subsequent pile can be conducted easily.

The fourth characteristic of the present invention resides in that the reaction force device having a guidance device for the piles or the like to be newly laid which is secured to the already laid piles or the like, as mentioned above, is connected to the self-driving pile driver, whereby it is possible to remarkably improve the working capacity of the self-driving pile driver.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a side view showing the apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line 2 2 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the apparatus in the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a side view showing the apparatus in the third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side view showing the apparatus in the fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view showing the essential part of the apparatus in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5; and

FIG. 7 is an enlarged plan view showing the essential part of the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the cases of constructing a continuous wall by use of prestressed concrete piles. In the drawings, reference character Po denotes a prestressed concrete pile (hereinafter referred to as PC pile) in the course of being laid, and P,, P P P P P and P are PC piles respectively forming a part of continuous wall already laid. In FIGS. 1 and 2 which illustrate the first embodiment, reference numeral 11 designates a viceshaped main body, a suitable number of pile receiving members l3 freely movable by means of adjusting handles 12 are provided on one face of the inner side of said main body and at a position opposite to the pile receiving members 13 are provided a suitable number of pile pressing; members 15 having an oil jack 14, whereby the PC piles P1 through P4 and P6 are clamped and fixed between both members. At both sides of the central part of the main body 111 there are provided columns 16, thereby to support and fix a base floor 17, and supporting rollers 18 and 18 are provided in a freely vertically adjustable manner between the columns 16 and 16, and the apparatus according to the present invention is supported on the PC piles P1 and P5 through said supporting rollers 18 and 18. The base floor 17 is provided with a scaffold supporting rod 19, a winch 20, a wheel 21, an oil pressure device 22 and the like. A scaffold supporting base 24 having a column 23 is provided at the forward part of the main body 11, and Supports the scaffold 27 through a rolling fulcrum 25 and a reaction force receiving fulcrum 26 disposed between the base floor 17 and said scaffold supporting base 24. Reference numeral 28 designates a working vice supported in a vertically freely movable manner from the upper parts of its both sides by means of an oil jack 29 disposed at the scaffold supporting base 24. A pile receiving member 31 which is freely movable by means of an adjusting handle 30 is disposed on one face of the inner side of the working vice 28, and a pile pressing member 33 having an oil jack 32 is disposed at a position opposite to the pile receiving member 31, whereby a pile P0 is clamped and secured between both members. At this state, the oil jack 29 is operated to lay the pile Po. Reference numeral 34 designates guiding and pressing rollers disposed at the forward inner side of the main body 11, said rollers being freely movable by means of oil jacks 35 and 35 and having convex strips for engaging with vertical slots of the pile and guiding them. Reference numeral 36 designates a crown wheel disposed on the scaffold 27, and 37 a vertically adjusting oil jack provided between vice columns 16 and 16.

The construction apparatus in the aforementioned first embodiment of the present invention is supported on the piles P1 and P5 by means of the supporting rollers 18 and 18 and clamped and secured to the piles pl, P2, P3, P4 and P6 by means of a number of oil jacks 14, and the working vice 28 clamped and secured to the pile Po by means of the oil jack 32 is pressed by the oil jacks 29 and 29, whereby the pile P0 is rapidly and precisely laid by using as the reaction force the dead weight of the piles p1 through P4 and P6, soil pressure and the dead weight of the apparatus itself. When the pile P0 is laid by a predetermined dimension, the oil jack 32 is released and the oil jack 29 is operated to lift the working vice 28 to a predetermined height, at said position the pile Po being clamped and supported to the working vice 28 again by the oil jack 32, and the same operation is repeated, and after laying P0 to the same depth as that of P1 the subsequent operation is commenced While laying the pile Po the guiding and pressing roller 34 is pressed to the pile Po by a suitable force by means of the oil jack 35 and its convex strip is in engagement with the vertical slots of the pile Po. On the other hand, the pile P0 is guided by the guiding members provided in clearances formed by the vertical slots of P0 and P1 so that Po can be laid in parallel with P1. Furthermore, by changing the thickness of said guiding members not only planar walls but curved walls may be formed.

In order to commence the subsequent operation, the oil jacks 14 and 32 are released to disengage the piles Po through P6 from the construction apparatus, and then the oil jacks 35 and 35 are operated to be extended while pressing the pile P with the guiding and pressing roller 34. Thereby the construction apparatus is advanced by the length of a piece of pile, thereafter it is clamped and secured to the piles by the oil jacks 14, and the subsequent pile is suspended by means ofthe scaffold 27 to be set, and the similar laying operation is carried out. In order to facilitate the migration of the apparatus, it is possible to provide rails (not shown) and the like on piles P1 through P7, but in the case of using piles each having different height, the height of supporting rollers 18 and 18 can be adjusted therefor.

Then, the second and third embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The second and third embodiments are constituted on the basis of the apparatus of the first embodiment. More particularly, in the first embodiment, the working vice 28 clamped and secured to the pile Po by means of an oil jack 32 is pressed by means of the oiljacks 29 and 29, whereby the pile P0 is laid by using as the reaction force the dead weight of the pile Po and that of the apparatus itself. When soil is hard, laying of pile P0 is extremely difficult by the aforementioned method, and, therefore, in order to carry out the laying operation more rapidly, in the second and third embodiments the working vice 28 is released and a driving hammer 39 is provided on the scaffold 27 in a freely slidable manner, suspended by a wire 40 through the crown wheel 36 and the wheel 21, and operated by the winch 20.

In the second embodiment, in order to stabilize the apparatus, legs 41 and 41 are respectively provided in a vertically adjustable manner in an extended state in both forward and rear sides of the main body 11, and the adjusting handle 12, the pile receiving member 13, the oil jack 14, the pile pressing member 15 are disposed on the member 42 projected from the scaffold supporting base 24 along the line of P1 through P6 to clamp the piles P1 through P6. At this state, the apparatus is stabilized and fixed to the piles P1 through P6 so that there is no trouble in the use of the driving hammer 39.

In the third embodiment, as the supports for the apparatus, wheels 43 and 43 disposed in a projected state in both forward and rear sides of the main body 11 by laying a rail 44 on the ground are used in place of the rollers 18 and 18 sliding on upper faces of already laid piles in the first and second embodiments, so that load in case of installing the apparatus on already laid piles is reduced.

As has been explained in the foregoing, the use of the apparatus according to the present invention is not restricted to the construction works of concrete wall piles, concrete pile sheets, and the like, and is applicable for those of H steel and other steel pile sheets. Further a weight and/or a beating hammer can be provided on the scaffold to be used combinatively or exclusively in place ofthe pressing force. Then, the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the case of constructing a continuous wall with PC piles by means of a pile driver having an earth drill of spiral auger system.

In the drawing, reference character Po denotes a PC pile in he course of being laid, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P are PC piles forming a part of continuous wall already laid.

Reference numeral 51 designates a base seat having a rectangular notch a at its center, in which a suitable number of oil jacks 52 are incorporated in a row at both sides of the notch a, the rod of said oil jacks 52'being thrusted into the notch a and the pile pressing member 53 being fixed to the tip of said rod, and at both sides of the inmost part of said notch a are placed frames 54 and at the center of the inmost part of said notch a are axially supported rollers 55 for guiding and pressing in a freely rotatable manner. At the lower part of the frame 54 on the base seat 51 is placed an oil jack 56, to the upper end of the rod of said oil jack 56 an oil jack 57 being connected and to the tip of the rod of said jack 57 an oil jack 58 holding the pile Po being fixed.

Reference numeral 59 designates a stay which holds the frame 54 on the base seat 51, 60 a connecting pipe connecting the reaction force device consisting mainly of a clawler type crane 61 and base seat 51 and incorporating pipes for oil pressure etc. therein. The clawler type crane 61 is provided with an earth drill 62 of spiral auger system.

In order to construct a continuous wall by use of the abovementioned continuous wall construction apparatus, an earth drill (not shown) is inserted in the hollow portion of PC pile Po thereby to drill the inside to sink the PC pile Po into the ground by the dead weight of PC pile Po, and, if required, the oil jack 56 of the reaction force device. Upon this occasion, three pairs of oil jacks 52 of the reaction force device sandwitch PC piles P1, P2 and P3 from both sides, and thereby PC piles are pressed and fixed by oil pressure so that enough reaction force can be obtained.

After PC pile Po sank up to a predetermined position by using oil jacks 56 and 58 repeatedly, the oil jacks 58 which have sandwitched PC pile Po and the oil jacks 52 which have sandwitched PC piles P1, P2 and P3 are released to advance the self-driving pile driver at the length of a piece of PC pile, and already laid PC piles P0, P1 and P2 are sandwitched again by means of the oiljacks 52, and the base seat 51 is fixed to be used as a reaction force device, and a PC pile (not shown) to be newly laid by a crane is inserted among the oil jacks S8, roller 55 and previously laid PC pile Po, while positioning, the earth drill is inserted therein to drill the inside, by utilizing the dead weight of PC pile itself and the reaction force due to the oil jacks 56, the subsequent PC pile is sunk up to the predetermined position, and then a cut-off gland g is applied to the joined portion between laid PC piles to prevent permeation of water.

As has been illustrated in the foregoing, according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, enough reaction force may be obtained by utilizing already laid piles or pile sheets, and as the result, the laying strength is remarkably enhanced, and the operative ability is increased rapidly for the construction of the continuous wall, and the reaction force of the pile driver itself may be small as compared with that of the pile driver heretofore used. Therefore, pile drivers small in size and/or light in weight can be used, whereby costs for construction are spared. Furthermore, the pile drivers used in the above embodiment may be in the form of wheel, if they are of self-driving type, and also the method of laying is not limited to the earth drill type construction method,

In the present invention various modifications may be possible if they do not evade from the spirit of the invention and the scope thereof as illustrated in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. An apparatus for use in the construction of a continuous wall of piles or pile sheets comprising a vice-shaped main body including means to embrace a group of already continuously laid piles from the outside, said means consisting of a suitable set of adjusting handles, pile receiving members, jacks, and pile pressing members provided on the inner side of said main body, supporting roller means on said apparatus capable of migrating said apparatus along said already laid pile group, and a scaffold supporting base affixed to said main body including a working vice supported on said scaffold supporting base by a jack in a free vertically movable manner and including means for fixing pile to be laid, said means consisting of an adjusting handle, a pile receiving member, a jack, and a pile pressing member provided on the inner face of said vice.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a scaffold supported by said scaffold supporting base, a driving hammer provided on said scaffold in a freely slidable manner and a driving mechanism therefore.

3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a rail is provided on which the supporting roller means migrate.

wall of pile or pile sheets comprising a base seat having a rectangular notch in the center so as to embrace a group of piles which are already continuously laid from the outside, a suitable set of jacks and pile pressing members provided in the inner side of said base seat to fix against the group of piles, a frame having jacks for holding and lifting a pile to be newly laid, a guiding and pressing roller for said pile and a self-driving pile driver connected to the base seat through a connecting pipe. 

1. An apparatus for use in the construction of a continuous wall of piles or pile sheets comprising a vice-shaped main body including means to embrace a group of already continuously laid piles from the outside, said means consisting of a suitable set of adjusting handles, pile receiving members, jacks, and pile pressing members provided on the inner side of said main body, supporting roller means on said apparatus capable of migrating said apparatus along said already laid pile group, and a scaffold supporting base affixed to said main body including a working vice supported on said scaffold supporting base by a jack in a free vertically movable manner and including means for fixing pile to be laid, said means consisting of an adjusting handle, a pile receiving member, a jack, and a pile pressing member provided on the inner face of said vice.
 2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 further comprising a scaffold supported by said scaffold supporting base, a driving hammer provided on said scaffold in a freely slidable manner and a driving mechanism therefore.
 3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein a rail is provided on which the supporting roller means migrate.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the supporting roller means migrate on said already laid pile group, said supporting roller means being mounted in a freely vertically adjustable manner by means of columns secured to said main body.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a guiding and pressing roller provided at a forward inner side of said main body in a freely movable manner by means of a jack.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein all of the jacks are of the oil operated type.
 7. An apparatus for use in the construction of a continuous wall of pile or pile sheets comprising a base seat having a rectangular notch in the center so as to embrace a group of piles which are already continuously laid from the outside, a suitable set of jacks and pile pressing members provided in the inner side of said base seat to fix against the group of piles, a frame having jacks for holding and lifting a pile to be newly laid, a guiding and pressing roller for said pile and a self-driving pile driver connected to the base seat through a connecting pipe. 